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Mat Manning Hunting

Destructive grey squirrels are never far away from an easy food source. Mat Manning recounts a morning targets greys feeding on beech mast – their meal of choice during late summer…

Most people are aware of the serious damage caused by invasive grey squirrels across the UK. This introduced rodent has contributed to the decline of our endangered red squirrel. It also has a destructive habit of stripping bark from young trees. This can kill trees, and at the very least leaves them stunted and deformed – for this reason, the grey squirrel costs our national forestry industry millions of pounds every year.

Grey squirrels are successful because they are versatile opportunists. Their diet ranges from seeds and buds to eggs and chicks raided from songbirds’ nests, and everything else in-between. Airgun shooters who target whatever seasonal food source the greys are plundering shouldn’t take long to track down your quarry.

I often use feeding stations to assist with my squirrel culling duties. By offering a regular supply of something they love to eat – usually peanuts, maize or wheat – you can quickly create an area of attraction. The great advantage of this approach is that it maximises your chances by establishing a place where you are more or less guaranteed to encounter your quarry.

Although feeding stations can be very effective, few things beat the experience of roving around your shoot in search of hunting opportunities. It may not be the most productive method but it’s a great way to keep tabs on your shoot. And there’s no denying that it’s even more satisfying outwitting squirrels during a roving session than smacking them off a peanut feeder from the cover of a hide.

I’ve just returned from a stroll through one of my woodland permissions where I had a hunch that the squirrels would be feeding on ripening beech mast – a late-summer favourite. My hunch proved right and, while I only ended up with a modest bag, any reduction in squirrel numbers is a good result.

After parking just off a woodland ride, I loaded up the magazine of my Daystate Red Wolf and kicked off with a mobile approach. Making my way through the woods towards a large stand of beech trees, I moved slowly and paused from time to time to scan ahead. It’s surprising how much more you notice when you stand still, and I usually stop every ten metres or so when making my way through the trees in this way.

My initial few reconnaissance stops yielded very little, other than glimpses of songbirds flitting around in the treetops. I carried on deeper into the woods and eventually spotted something more promising.

Mat Manning Hunting
Mat kicked off the session with a roving approach, strolling through the woods with his Daystate Red Wolf.

Scanning the treetops is an obvious thing to do when you’re after grey squirrels but it’s also vital to keep an eye on the ground. These rodents spend a lot of time foraging amongst the leaf litter, especially when their mates, along with jays, woodpigeons, and nuthatches, are showering a constant hail of beech mast onto the ground as they pick seeds from the branches.

And it was the scattering of fallen beech mast that was occupying the first squirrel I spotted during my outing. Its flicking tail caught my eye as I scanned the ground ahead but, unfortunately, the squirrel had already clocked me. It froze for a moment before scrambling up a trunk and into the trees where it disappeared from sight.

Mat Manning Hunting
A squirrel lingers in the trees after spooking from the ground, and Mat draws the Mamba Lite’s crosshairs onto its head.

I continued to close in, very slowly and very quietly, until I spotted the squirrel pinned to the trunk about 20 feet off the ground. After creeping a couple metres closer I settled myself behind the stump of a fallen tree, which made for a handy shooting rest. The fine crosshair of my MTC Mamba Lite scope came to rest on the squirrel’s skull and I touched off the trigger. The .22 calibre 35ft/lb Red Wolf hits like a hammer, and a ringing crack echoed around the woods as the pellet found its mark. A thud followed as the lifeless squirrel flopped down onto the sun-baked woodland floor, confirming the first kill of the session.

Mat Manning Hunting
The 35ft/lb Red Wolf delivers a deadly shot and Mat retrieves the first squirrel of the session.

A scattering of mast covered the ground beneath the extensive stand of mature beech trees. I had no doubt that there were more squirrels to be had from this bountiful spot so I decided to wait in the shade where the broad trunk of a leaning ash created a natural backdrop to work with my camouflage clothing.

Beech Mast
Find an area of woodland where the ground is scattered with beech mast and squirrels are likely to be nearby.

Less than 20 minutes after I’d settled in, I noticed the tell-tale sound of beech husks rattling down through the branches. This shower of shells is caused by feeding squirrels casting off their leftovers after extracting the nutritious kernels. Trace the sound to where the husks are landing and follow the tumbling kernels up through the treetops and it should lead you to the seed-nibbling culprit.

Sure enough, I eventually managed to track down the squirrel at the source of the falling shells. Distracted by the urge to fill its belly, it was oblivious to the hunter lurking in the undergrowth. Once again, I shouldered the Red Wolf and drew a bead on the unsuspecting squirrel’s head before squeezing off the shot to push my tally up to two.

Mat Manning Hunting
Mat settles down in the shade and waits for the lure of the beech mast to work its magic.

Less than 20 minutes after I’d settled in, I noticed the tell-tale sound of beech husks rattling down through the branches. This shower of shells is caused by feeding squirrels casting off their leftovers after extracting the nutritious kernels. Trace the sound to where the husks are landing and follow the tumbling kernels up through the treetops and it should lead you to the seed-nibbling culprit.

Sure enough, I eventually managed to track down the squirrel at the source of the falling shells. Distracted by the urge to fill its belly, it was oblivious to the hunter lurking in the undergrowth. Once again, I shouldered the Red Wolf and drew a bead on the unsuspecting squirrel’s head before squeezing off the shot to push my tally up to two.

I sat it out for another hour but failed to spot any more squirrels before I decided it was time to head home for breakfast. It was far from my biggest bag of greys, but I was delighted to have bagged a couple by targeting their late-summer feeding grounds. Get out and give it a try, and if the beech mast on your local permission has gone over by the time you read this, you can probably count on finding squirrels feeding on acorns or sweet chestnuts.

Red Wolf hunting
They all count: a brace of grey squirrels taken with the Daystate/MTC combo.
Lock Time Graph

The reason one air rifle is easier to shoot than another is the speed of its action.

An airgun’s firing cycle – the brief moment that elapses between the trigger’s sear being slipped and the pellet exiting the barrel – is more commonly called its lock time. It’s quick, typically lasting 15 milliseconds or less. Yet it is a vital characteristic of any airgun. In fact, lock time is a key reason why some guns are easier or ‘more forgiving’ to shoot than others.

In theory, the faster the lock time, the more accurate the rifle, though lock time is actually the sum of two other ‘times’ that, individually, contribute to an airgun’s overall firing cycle. These are the action time and the barrel time.

Barrel Time

On most airguns, the shortest element of lock time is barrel time, which obviously takes place at the latter end of the firing cycle. It refers to the time taken for the pellet to travel up the bore of the barrel, before exiting the muzzle. Relatively, there’s minimal difference in the overall lock time between a high-velocity pellet travelling up a short barrel and a low-velocity pellet travelling up a long barrel. In other words, barrel time isn’t the most influential element of an airgun’s lock time.

Action Time

What has the biggest effect on lock time is the action time. This refers to the beginning of the firing cycle, the instant the trigger breaks. Here, there can be huge differences according to the gun’s configuration. Spring-powered airguns (springers) have a longer action time than precharged pneumatics (PCPs). And the feel of PCP actions can vary hugely by design, with electronically-controlled PCPs offering the fastest action time of all.

In a springer, the action time commences with the piston travelling forward under pressure from the uncoiling mainspring. It continues with the piston ‘bouncing’ on a slug of high pressure air before finally ending when the piston comes to a crashing halt at the end of the compression cylinder. A springer’s action time will invariably run into its barrel time, because the pellet will have started its journey up the barrel before the piston finally bottoms out. However, the action time should, on a properly set-up springer, have ended before the pellet exits the muzzle.

In a mechanically-driven PCP, the action time begins with the hammer being driven forward under spring pressure. It continues while the hammer strikes and opens the valve, and effectively ends at the time the valve closes. This will pretty much be at the same instant the pellet starts to accelerate up the barrel. Of course, with a much smaller hammer and spring, not to mention stroke, the PCP’s action time is significantly shorter than that of a springer’s. It’s also the reason why a PCP’s firing cycle is, for all intents and purposes, recoil-free.

However, the action time can be even shorter on the ground-breaking electronic PCPs Daystate pioneered back in 2003. Their current flagship duo, the Pulsar and Red Wolf, use a solenoid in lieu of a hammer to open the valve so rapidly that, ironically, it’s the barrel time that becomes the most influential element of the gun’s lock time!

Red Wolf Serie Rosso- an electronically-driven PCP that boasts the fastest lock time of any air rifle

Red Wolf

LOCK TIME – THE KEY

So, given lock time lasts only milliseconds or less, why does it have such an effect on an airgun’s ‘shootability’? Well, time really is of the essence because the longer it takes to get the pellet out of the barrel, the more chance the rifle has of moving off the mark you intended at the instant you touched off the trigger.

In a springer’s case, the shooter is not just fighting with recoil as the rifle shunts back-and-forth in reaction to the heavy piston’s movement. Time is also ticking away before the pellet begins its flight to the target. When you analyse the timeframe of a springer’s firing cycle, it’s a wonder anyone can achieve consistent accuracy! (This is why it’s often said that if you can shoot a springer well, you can shoot a rifle of any type.)

In a PCP’s case, there is little ‘felt’ recoil to trouble the shooter’s aim. However, there is still movement going on during the firing cycle, even if it’s minimal by comparison with a springer. Newton’s laws of motion will dictate that the rifle will be moving in your shoulder to counteract the momentum of the hammer’s travel and impact with the valve during its action time stage. So, the longer this takes, the more likely the rifle’s aimpoint will err between the trigger-break and pellet-exit points.

In addition, mechanically-driven PCPs can also have an action time that varies according to its charge state. In the simplest knock-open valve designs, there is a slower action time the further into the air charge you go, and also a noticeable change in the movement of the rifle as its cylinder’s air pressure drops behind the firing valve. This makes it physically harder for the shooter to achieve consistent results.

This isn’t such a problem with the more sophisticated PCP designs, like the Slingshot hammer and valve system used on some mechanically-driven Brocock and Daystate PCPs. But the fact remains, where all other things are equal, a PCP with an action time of seven milliseconds will be easier to shoot accurately than one with an action time of 11 milliseconds. Even if four thousandths of one second doesn’t sound enough to affect the shot, the truth is: it does!

Electronic Trigger Unit

Which is why Daystate’s electronically-controlled PCPs are so easy to shoot accurately. Their action time – and so the rifle’s overall lock time – is reduced by such a considerable amount that it’s not uncommon to ‘call’ a miss… only to find you’ve landed the shot plumb centre at the target!

By comparison with mechanically-driven PCPs, the digital action of an electronic PCP reduces action time by roughly 90 per cent, effectively making barrel time the only element of its firing cycle. Typically, the overall lock time is reduced to around just five milliseconds; so fast, in fact, that the rifle can feel quite ‘dead’ on firing.

With computerised control of the valve and air delivery in the shape of MCT (Mapped Compensated Technology) also integral to Daystate’s high-tech PCPs, shot release is as consistent as it is quick. This is why rifles like the Pulsar and Red Wolf are so easy to shoot well with – their lock time simply doesn’t give the shooter long enough to flinch a shot off target!